Languages of the Northern Territory
| Maningrida |
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| Burarran |
Geographic
distribution | Northern Territory |
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| Linguistic classification | Macro-Gunwinyguan? |
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| Subdivisions | - Guragone
- Burarra
- Ndjebbana
- Nakkara
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| Glottolog | mani1293 (Maningrida) |
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 Maningrida languages (purple), among other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey) |
Maningrida, also known as Burarran, is a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. It includes four languages, none closely related:
- Burarra
- Gurr-goni
- Ndjébbana
- Na'kara
Green established the family by reconstructing the tense–aspect–mood inflections of Proto-Maningrida, and demonstrated common developments that set them apart from other Arnhem languages.
Vocabulary
Capell (1942) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Maningrida languages.[3] Gunavidji and Bunarra are from Capell (1940).[4]
| gloss | Gungorogone | Gudjälavia | Gunaidbe | Burera | Nagara | Gunavidji | Bunarra |
| man | wari | angigälije | angigälije | angigälije | wunigalaia | jiːdja | biːn, ŋanbe |
| woman | gami | gamu | gamu | gamu | nawaɽa | ŋaɽaːm | djulumu |
| head | ŋɔrɔŋɔrɔ | bama | bama | bama | magar | juwuŋga | waːlu |
| eye | mebele | miːbele | miːbele | miːbele | guɽbara | diːli | mil |
| nose | goi | guje | ŋoira | ŋoira | lombara | maŋu | djirdji |
| mouth | ŋaɽa | ŋane | ŋane | ŋana | ŋaɽa | djäbara | lira |
| tongue | ŋaɽa | ŋaɭ | ŋaɭ | ŋaɭa | ŋadabirbir | djäŋɔl | djälaṉ |
| stomach | gɔdjaŋa | ŋaburba | ŋaburba | gɔidjila | gunar | djälema | munda |
| bone | gadjäldi | ŋumama | ŋumama | munmama | namoːma | ida | gidji |
| blood | gɔːlidja | maɳiŋan | maɳiŋan | maɳiŋan, mangaraba | nagumbala | ganbiliːbala | gindjil |
| kangaroo | ganajala | gandejala | gandejala | gonobolo | bälmänindja | gudjbara | wawiri |
| opossum | waraːgun | waːragun | waːragun | waːragun | gurbarabulgaga | malada | djaŋana |
| emu | buɽar | | | wurbaɳ | | | |
| crow | ŋaːridje | wagwag | wagwag | ma'rälgara | wagwag | ŋainjauŋanj | guɽaŋan |
| fly | mɔːji | jumuɖbi | jumuɖbi | mɔːja | namɔːnj | manjimiːndja | ŋurin |
| sun | djinmurga | maɳŋa | maɳŋa | maɳŋa | nabɛn | warwara | djiːla |
| moon | ŋɔlgɔwar | ŋandjireɖa | ŋandjireɖa | ɽangu | wunuŋurabildbilaga | digilgara | jälŋan |
| fire | gunŋudja | bɔːl | bɔːl | bɔːl | nadjɔːga | juwija | waɭu |
| smoke | ginɛlɛ | djolŋo | djolŋo | djolŋo | nawuːra | gɔlɔŋandjara | ŋandjur |
| water | gunmɛnaŋ | djidjurog | bugulo | bugulo | goga | gaːba | ŋaba |
Notes
Citations
- ^ Capell, Arthur. 1941-1942, 1942-1943. Languages of Arnhem Land, North Australia. Oceania 12: 364-392, 13: 24-51.
- ^ Capell, Arthur. 1940. The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia. Oceania 10(3): 241-272, 404-433. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x
Sources
Wiktionary has a word list at
Appendix:North Australian word lists - Green, Rebecca (2003). "Proto-Maningrida within Proto-Arnhem: evidence from verbal inflectional suffixes" (PDF). In Evans, Nioholas (ed.). The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. pp. 369–424. ISBN 0-85883-5-3-8-X.
- Koch, Harold (2004). "A Merthodological History of Australian Linguistic Classification". In Bowern, Claire; Koch, Harold (eds.). Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 17–. ISBN 978-9-027-24761-2.
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| Lamalamic | |
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| Yalanjic | |
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| Norman | |
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| Thaypan | |
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