Aluminium cyanide

Aluminium cyanide
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 87993-97-3 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 19984794
PubChem CID
  • 21122287
InChI
  • InChI=1S/3CN.Al/c3*1-2;/q3*-1;+3
    Key: BIABJQLRIVAXSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Al+3]
Properties
Chemical formula
 C3AlN3
Molar mass 105.036 g·mol−1
Appearance white solid
Solubility in water
 Reacts
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound

Aluminium cyanide is a metallic cyanide with a chemical formula of Al(CN)3.[1] It is a white solid that undergoes hydrolysis to produce aluminium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide.[2]

Synthesis and properties

Aluminium cyanide was first produced in 1924 as its ammoniate, Al(CN)3·5NH3, by reacting aluminium metal and mercury(II) cyanide in liquid ammonia to prevent hydrolysis.[1]

2 Al + 3 Hg(CN)2 → 2 Al(CN)3 + 3 Hg

When the ammoniate contacts water, it produces aluminium hydroxide, ammonia, and ammonium cyanide.[1]

The pure compound was produced in 2001 by the reaction of lithium tetrachloroaluminate and trimethylsilyl cyanide in diethyl ether and its crystals form an octahedral Prussian-blue-like structure.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c Bergstrom, F. W. (July 1924). "The Reaction Between Mercuric Cyanide and Certain Metals in Liquid Ammonia". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 46 (7): 1559–1568. doi:10.1021/ja01672a002.
  2. ^ Axel Schulz; Jonas Surkau (2022). "Main group cyanides: from hydrogen cyanide to cyanido-complexes". Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry. 43 (1): 49–188. doi:10.1515/revic-2021-0044.
  3. ^ Darrick Williams; Brett Pleune; Kurt Leinenweber; J. Kouvetakis (2001). "Synthesis and Structural Properties of the Binary Framework C–N Compounds of Be, Mg, Al, and Tl". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 159 (1): 244–250. Bibcode:2001JSSCh.159..244W. doi:10.1006/jssc.2001.9192.
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Al(I)
Organoaluminium(I) compounds
Al(C5(CH3)5)
Al(II)
  • AlB2
  • AlB12
  • AlO
Al(III)
  • AlAs
  • Al(BH4)3
  • AlBr3
  • Al(CN)3
  • AlCl3
  • AlF3
  • AlH3
  • AlI3
  • AlN
  • Al(NO3)3
  • Al2(CO3)3
  • Al(OH)3
  • Al(OH)2OAc
  • Al(OH)(OAc)2
  • Al(OAc)3
  • Al2SO4(OAc)4
  • AlP
  • AlPO4
  • AlSb
  • Al(C5H7O2)3
  • Al(MnO4)3
  • Al2(MoO4)3
  • Al2O3
  • Al2S3
  • Al2(SO4)3
  • Al2Se3
  • Al2Te3
  • Al2SiO5
  • AlAsO4
  • Al4C3
  • AlOHO
  • Al(OH)2CO2C17H5
  • NaAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2
  • LiAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2
  • K2Al2B2O7
  • K3AlF6
Alums
  • (NH4)Al(SO4)2
  • KAl(SO4)2
  • NaAl(SO4)2
Organoaluminium(III) compounds
  • Al(C3H5O3)3
  • C
    36    H
    69    AlO
    6
  • (Al(CH3)3)2
  • (Al(C2H5)3)2
  • Al(CH2CH(CH3)2)3
  • Al(C2H5)2Cl
  • Al(C2H5)2CN
  • Al(CH2CH(CH3)2)2H
  • Al(C2H5)2Cl2C2H5Cl
  • Ti(C5H5)2CH2ClAl(CH3)2
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Salts and covalent derivatives of the cyanide ion
HCN He
LiCN Be(CN)2 B(CN)3 C(CN)4
C2(CN)2 		NH4CN
ONCN
O2NCN
N3CN 		OCN−
-NCO
O(CN)2 		FCN Ne
NaCN Mg(CN)2 Al(CN)3 Si(CN)4
(CH3)3SiCN 		P(CN)3 SCN−
-NCS
(SCN)2
S(CN)2 		ClCN Ar
KCN Ca(CN)2 Sc(CN)3 Ti V Cr(CN)63− Mn Fe(CN)2
Fe(CN)64−
Fe(CN)63− 		Co(CN)2
Co(CN)3−
5 		Ni(CN)2
Ni(CN)42−
Ni(CN)44− 		CuCN Zn(CN)2 Ga(CN)3 Ge(CN)2
Ge(CN)4 		As(CN)3
(CH3)2AsCN
(C6H5)2AsCN 		SeCN−
(SeCN)2
Se(CN)2 		BrCN Kr
RbCN Sr(CN)2 Y(CN)3 Zr Nb Mo(CN)84− Tc Ru Rh Pd(CN)2 AgCN Cd(CN)2 In(CN)3 Sn(CN)2 Sb(CN)3 Te(CN)2
Te(CN)4 		ICN Xe
CsCN Ba(CN)2 * Lu(CN)3 Hf Ta W(CN)84− Re Os Ir Pt(CN)42-
Pt(CN)64-
 AuCN
Au(CN)2- 		Hg2(CN)2
Hg(CN)2 		TlCN Pb(CN)2 Bi(CN)3 Po At Rn
Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
* La(CN)3 Ce(CN)3
Ce(CN)4 		Pr(CN)3 Nd Pm Sm(CN)3 Eu(CN)3 Gd(CN)3 Tb Dy(CN)3 Ho(CN)3 Er Tm Yb(CN)3
** Ac(CN)3 Th(CN)4 Pa UO2(CN)2 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
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